A transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change the voltage of alternating current.
The main functions of a transformer are:
1. Electrical energy transmission: Transformers achieve the transmission of electrical energy by converting the electrical energy on the high-voltage side into that on the low-voltage side. During the power transmission process, excessive resistance loss occurs when current is transmitted over long distances. However, transformers reduce the size of the current by increasing the voltage, thereby lowering the resistance loss of the line. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of power transmission but also reduces the cost of transmission lines.
2. Electrical energy conversion: In power systems, it is often necessary to convert alternating current (AC) electrical energy to direct current (DC) electrical energy or vice versa, and transformers can accomplish this task. Dc/AC converters are typically used on the main side of transformers. By controlling the switch of the converter, the input DC electrical energy can be converted into output AC electrical energy. This approach is widely applied in the power system for the conversion between AC transmission and DC transmission.
3. Stable voltage: In the power system, the supply voltage needs to be maintained within a certain range to meet the voltage requirements of users' electrical equipment. Transformers ensure the normal operation of the entire power system by providing a stable output voltage. This can effectively protect users' electrical equipment from the influence of voltage fluctuations.
4. Power load distribution: Transformers can also be used for the distribution of power loads. In large-scale industries, a large amount of electrical energy is usually required to be supplied, and transformers can appropriately distribute the electrical energy in the power system to ensure that the electrical energy demands of different users are met. By equipping with appropriate transformers, flexible power load distribution can be achieved, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the power system.
5. Protecting power equipment: Transformers can also serve to protect other power equipment. When an overload or short circuit occurs in the power equipment of the system, the transformer will automatically cut off the current to prevent further damage to other equipment and issue an alarm signal. This approach can effectively protect the safe operation of the entire power system.
There are many types of transformers. According to their uses, they can be classified into distribution transformers, power transformers, fully sealed transformers, combined transformers, dry-type transformers, oil-immersed transformers, single-phase transformers, electric furnace transformers, rectifier transformers, reactors, anti-interference transformers, lightning protection transformers, box-type transformer test transformers, corner transformers, high-current transformers, excitation transformers, etc.
